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Dieser anlässlich des 70. Geburtstages von Hubert Houben publizierte Band stellt Grenzüberschreitungen als eines der Themen, die dem Jubilar am Herzen liegen, in den Mittelpunkt. Indem die Autorinnen und Autoren Grenze als soziales Konstrukt verstehen, befassen sie sich mit ausgewählten Fällen der Überschreitung von räumlichen, kulturellen und rechtlichen Grenzen im Mittelalter. Die daraus resultierende Vielschichtigkeit und Multiperspektivität spiegeln verschiedene Ansätze und Forschungstraditionen, die in der Zusammenschau ein breites Spektrum möglicher Zugänge zur Thematik der Grenzüberschreitung aufzeigen.

Middle Ages. --- Civilization, Medieval.

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Italy was one of the countries severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. An analysis of the factors that played a role in the spread of this epidemic is necessary. However, the assessment of which factors may be specific, and which may contribute the most is complex and involves a high degree of uncertainty. The main objective of this study is to evaluate and analyse the statistical associations of the spread of Covid-19 infection with identified spatial context variables (density, old-age index, average temperature, and pollution). For this purpose, the developments from the spatial convergence theory were considered, as well as data from the Italian provinces from March 2020 to February 2021, referring to the first, second and third wave. The hypothesis tested in this study is to investigate the contribution of environmental and demographic factors to the convergence of observed infection rates. Based on panel data of 107 Italian provinces from the first to the third wave, this article uses a spatial autoregressive model (SAR) to analyse the conditional β-convergence of Covid-19 infection rates. The empirical results of this paper show that there is spatial conditional β-convergence in the intensity of infection rates. This means that the contagion in neighbouring areas will affect the contagion in the local area. The age structure and population density of the provinces had a certain promoting effect on the transmission of the infection, depending on the wave analysed. Regarding the observed average temperature, the effects are not very significant and inconsistent. For the first and last wave, the level of pollution is significant in explaining the convergence processes of the infection. We demonstrate that accounting for spatial factors is essential to capture key features of the spread of Covid-19 infection.

COVID-19 (Disease) --- Prevention.

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Leonardo's passage through Romagna in 1502 left significant traces in his graphic production, including the codex L and the celebrated map of Imola now at Windsor Castle. These records reveal his direct involvement in the political and military affairs of the region, as shown by the well-known concession letter issued to him by Cesare Borgia in 1502. The chapter presents a critical reexamination of the principal interventions to the fortifications of Cesena between 1502 and 1503, which were the focus of Leonardo's observations during his stay when Cesare Borgia tried to transform it into the capital of his ephemeral duchy.

Military architecture.

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This second edition provides a sound basis for the molecular investigation of NLR function in health and disease. Chapters focus on NLR as innate immune receptors, “atypical” inflammasomes, biochemical and novel bioluminescence techniques for the measurement of IL-1b as readout of NLR-based inflammasomes, bioluminescent probe, biochemical and microscopy techniques, techniques to measure caspase-1 activation, cell free systems for the study of inflammasome function, and inflammasome activation. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, NLR Proteins: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researcher sand experts looking to expand their knowledge. .

Proteins.

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This book aims to present an introduction to numerical modeling of different aspects of large-scale superconducting applications: electromagnetics, thermal, mechanics and thermo-hydraulics. The importance of computational modeling to advance current superconductor research cannot be overlooked, especially given the enormous benefits provided by superconductors in many human endeavours, including energy generation, medical treatments, and future electrical technologies.Aimed at graduate students, researchers and practitioners in different fields of applied superconductivity, this book consists of four chapters. The chapter on electromagnetics provides a review of the state-of-the-art modeling of electromagnetic phenomena in superconductors, emphasising the theoretical aspects of the different numerical formulations. This is followed by a chapter on thermal effects, dedicated to the simulation of thermal stability and quench in superconducting magnets, with specific examples of magnets used in particle accelerators. Then, the chapter on mechanics provides details of the modeling of forces and stresses in cables composed of second-generation high-temperature superconducting wires. Finally, the chapter on thermo-hydraulics focuses on the fundamental thermal-hydraulic aspects involved in the cooling of superconducting magnets, with special reference to the issues related to the forced-flow cooling.

Electromagnetism. --- Finite element method. --- Numerical analysis. --- Superconductors. --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Mathematical analysis --- FEA (Numerical analysis) --- FEM (Numerical analysis) --- Finite element analysis --- Numerical analysis --- Isogeometric analysis --- Electromagnetics --- Magnetic induction --- Magnetism --- Metamaterials --- Materials